The question of how to protect rhinos from poaching remains a pressing issue in South Africa, where nearly 500 rhinos were killed last year, a number that has risen despite ongoing efforts. However, researchers may have found a new deterrent: making the rhinos’ horns radioactive. This innovative experiment has recently been launched in the country.
South African white rhinos are hunted for their horns, which are highly prized in Asia, particularly for their supposed aphrodisiac and therapeutic properties. On the black market, the price of rhino horn, by weight, rivals that of gold or cocaine.
Traditionally, conservationists have resorted to dehorning rhinos to protect them. However, this method is labor-intensive and needs to be repeated regularly as the horn regrows, limiting its long-term effectiveness.
A new approach is now being tested: rendering the horn unusable by making it radioactive. This involves implanting two tiny radioactive devices inside the horn. The amount of radioactivity used poses no danger to the animal but is detectable by airport and port scanning equipment, effectively thwarting trafficking efforts. Moreover, the horn powder becomes toxic and unusable for human consumption, thus losing its value.
The project is currently in its initial phase, with tests being conducted on 20 rhinos. This initiative has been met with enthusiasm by rhino conservationists. Jessica Babich, the project leader, explained to AFP that the final phase would involve treating the animals following an “appropriate scientific and ethical protocol.” The team will then take blood samples to ensure the animals are safe and effectively protected.
South Africa is home to nearly 80% of the world’s white rhino population, estimated at fewer than 13,000 individuals. Despite significant efforts by the government, 499 rhinos were killed in 2023, mainly in national parks—an 11% increase from the previous year. This alarming trend underscores the urgent need for innovative and effective conservation strategies.
This pioneering project represents a potentially groundbreaking step in the fight against rhino poaching, offering hope for the survival of these magnificent creatures.